What is a Hypertension

 Hypertension is blood pressure that is consistently abnormally high. Circulatory strain is the tension of the blood in your supply routes. 

What is a Hypertension

Blood circulation is a closed system in which the pressure is constantly changing. As the heart pumps blood out, each heartbeat rises to a peak called systolic pressure at the height of the contraction. It then drops to a lower level called the diastolic pressure, which it reaches just before the heartbeat. Diastolic pressure is the pressure that fluctuates between heartbeats. In addition to changes in the cycle, blood pressure constantly changes, along with the level of physical exertion, anxiety, stress, emotional changes, and other factors. For this reason, measurements made only once are meaningless and blood pressure should be checked at rest at different times. Circulatory strain is estimated in millimeters of mercury (mmHg). 

Lifestyle changes, such as nutritional control and increased exercise, are important for anyone with increased blood pressure.

Medication is usually recommended for a systolic pressure of 160 mmHg or more and/or a diastolic pressure of 100 mmHg or more.

Tablets may not be necessary when blood pressure is between 140/90-160/100mmHg, provided there are lifestyle changes and there is no risk of high cholesterol, smoking, or a past stroke or heart attack.

Diastolic pressure of 90–109 mmHg is found in about 20 percent of the middle-aged adult population. It is less common in younger people and more common in older people. Diastolic pressure of 110-129 mmHg occurs in about four percent of the adult population. However, it is believed that there are many people with high blood pressure who are unaware of it.

symptoms

Contrary to popular belief, high blood pressure (hypertension) rarely causes symptoms unless secondary complications develop in the arteries, kidneys, brain, eyes, or elsewhere. Uncomplicated high blood pressure does not cause dizziness, headache, fatigue, nosebleeds, or flushing.

Causes

In about 90% of cases, the cause of hypertension is unknown, in such cases, it is called primary (essential) hypertension. Primary hypertension is very common and affects about twenty percent of the adult population.

Lifestyle and genetic factors may also play a role. Men are also slightly more common. Obese people and high alcohol drinkers are more likely to have hypertension. Stress may play a part in this situation.

In a small number of people, underlying causes of hypertension include Cushing's syndrome, kidney disease, or, rarely, tumors in the adrenaline-producing cells in the adrenal gland. Combined oral contraceptives may cause hypertension. In pregnant women, pre-eclampsia, and eclampsia cause potentially fatal high blood pressure.

A general increase in blood pressure is known to damage arteries; Damage to the artery can cause high blood pressure. Artery injury affects the elasticity of the arteries, making them rigid and rigid. It also aids in the development of atherosclerosis, a disease of the arteries that can cause narrowing of arteries. This is more common in older people as the arteries become stiffer with age.

Diagnosis

Blood pressure is measured using two numbers; first systolic (pressure in the arteries when the heart contracts and sends blood to the body) and then diastolic (pressure in the arteries when the heart fills with blood between each heartbeat).

Blood pressure is measured using an inflatable cuff. This cuff is placed to cover the upper part of the arm. The cuff is inflated and the doctor or nurse listens to the artery just below the cuff as air is released. The systolic pressure is recorded when the heartbeat is heard. At the point when the sound vanishes, the diastolic strain is recorded. Sometimes an automatic computerized blood pressure measuring machine is used.

Some people get nervous during their doctor's visit, which can cause a temporary rise in blood pressure. For this reason, hypertension is not usually diagnosed until blood pressure is measured on three separate occasions. Blood pressure should be checked regularly. If you have been diagnosed with high blood pressure, your doctor will also assess whether you are at risk of developing cardiovascular disease (a condition of the heart and blood circulation that can cause heart attacks and strokes). This will require other tests and you may be referred to a specialist.

Treatment

Hypertension treatment includes lifestyle changes and drug therapy when deemed necessary. In most cases of mild hypertension, it is sufficient to change food habits, exercise regularly, eat low-fat foods, quit smoking, and, if necessary, reduce salt and alcohol intake to bring blood pressure back to normal.

If these changes are not successful, drug therapy is necessary.

Three main types of drugs are used in the treatment of hypertension:

Diuretics act to add more water and salt to the urine and lower blood volume, thereby lowering the pressure. Diuretics are often the first choice of treatment for high blood pressure.

Beta-blockers interfere with the heart's hormone and nerve control by slowing the heart down and making it beat more slowly; thus reducing the pressure.

If you are at risk of developing diabetes, you may be advised to use drugs called ACE inhibitors that will relax your blood vessels.

Finally, you may also be advised to take a calcium channel blocker, which will relax your heart vessels and help blood flow more freely.

If there is a medical cause such as a hormonal disorder, the treatment of this disease usually results in a decrease in blood pressure to a normal level.

Your treatment should be reviewed regularly. If you have made changes in your lifestyle (see Prevention of disease) and your blood pressure has dropped to normal, your doctor may recommend stopping your medication for a certain trial period.

Complications

No one can ignore high blood pressure, as its complications cause more deaths and severe disability than any other disease. Prolonged high pressures increase the aging process and are very harmful to blood vessels.

In particular, they contribute to the development of the fatal arterial disease atherosclerosis, in which the hardening of the arteries is associated with cholesterol plaque deposits and other materials on the inner surface of the arteries. Coronary thrombosis and stroke, the two major causes of death in the Western world, are major risks, but high blood pressure can also seriously damage the heart, kidneys, and eyes. Hypertension should be investigated and every adult should have regular check-ups. Fortunately, effective and appropriate treatment can largely eliminate the added risk of these serious complications.

Disease Prevention

Make changes to your lifestyle: eat healthy meals with less salt and lose weight if necessary. Quit smoking, exercise regularly and reduce alcohol and caffeine consumption.

It is very important to have regular blood pressure checks, especially if you have a family history of hypertension. Advice or treatments can be started before complications arise.

References

Discovery, adherence, and control of hypertension for the counteraction of stroke: a precise audit. 

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The determinants of evaluating take-up and mediations for expanding take-up: a methodical audit. Jepson R et al. Health Technology Assessment 2000; Skin. 4: No. 14.

Oral beta-blockers for gentle to direct hypertension during pregnancy (Cochrane Review). Magee LA, Duley L. Cochrane Library, Issue 1, 2002.

Quan A et al. Cochrane Library, Issue 1, 2002.

Pharmacotherapy for hypertension in the elderly (Cochrane Review). Mulrow C et al.. Cochrane Library, Issue 1, 2002.

Oral beta-blockers for gentle to direct hypertension during pregnancy (Cochrane Review).  Mulrow C et al.. Cochrane Library, Issue 1, 2002.

Antihypertensive medication treatment for gentle to direct hypertension during pregnancy (Cochrane Review). Abalos E et al.. Cochrane Library, Issue 1, 2002.

Medications for quick treatment of exceptional hypertension during pregnancy (Cochrane Review). Duley L, Henderson-Smart DJ. Cochrane Library, Issue 1, 2002.